Personality As An Understanding Of Personality - 994 Words

As an understanding of personality, it is said that the essential paradigms of a personality are defined by individual’s characteristics and behaviour. However over a period of time an individual’s personality can change due to genetics and the altering nature of the environment they are placed within. Personality is in reference to individuals variances in their patterns of feeling, thinking and behaving (Encyclopedia of Psychology: 8 Volume Set, 2000). This essay will be focusing on the basic dimensions of a personality and also the factors influencing personality change. This then will be contrasted against a study that develops that personality does not change over time. Personality not only changes over time and experience but also manipulates as the individual goes through varying facades within their life. Several personality psychologists believe that personality is defined by five dimensions as suggested by McCrae and Costa (The ‘Big Five’ dimensions of personality?, V.Egan, 1988). This was found by testing the conduct group by allowing them to choose a solution to a question that the teste believed was most suitable and thus showed that the test groups had presented 5 dominant characteristics, extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness (The ‘Big Five’ dimensions of personality?, V.Egan, 1988). Extroversion is looking into the individual’s excitability, sociability and the high amounts of emotional expression (Very Well, 2016).Show MoreRelatedUnderstanding Personality1579 Words   |  7 Pagesconcise guide to the understanding of personality in terms of Theories, structure and te sting, looking at Trait, situation and interactional theories in particular. Every individual has a unique personality, which is known as their psychological makeup. This is known as the relatively stable, psychological structures that shape a person’s actions in a specific environment. (Gill, 1986) This essay will look at the established theoretical psychological understand of personalities. Where did sports psychologyRead MoreUnderstanding the Key Determinants of Personality1086 Words   |  4 PagesWrite a 3- to 5-page paper drawing on your reading that discusses why understanding personality is important as a basis for understanding how to counsel people. Address the following questions: How do cognitive processes and culture relate to personality dynamics? What are some important influences on personality development? The two key determinants of personality are culture and cognitive processes. Understanding an individuals cultural background and the way that his mind thinks - and the twoRead MoreUnderstanding Brands as Personalities Essay1395 Words   |  6 Pagesknow exactly what they’re going to get when they invest. In another sense, branding is the outward projection of what a business hopes to associate with its name. A brand includes not only a company’s logo and slogan, it also includes the design, personality, and service quality associated with the company. It is a combination of various attributes which, when viewed as one, create an image that is desirable to the consumer. The problem faced in this essay examines the need for companies, specificallyRead MoreMy Understanding Of Personality Theory860 Words   |  4 PagesTo demonstrate my understanding of personality theory, I choose to create a personality profile for a close friend. She is a very driven individual with some unique interests. I wanted to evaluate her personality because she is a very close friend of mine and I know her vary well. I chose Allport’s trait theory because he uses 3 types of traits to describe people. I liked the way he organized traits in to types of traits. I think its easier to understand his theory because of the organization. IRead MoreUnderstanding Personality Disorders Essay2164 Words   |  9 PagesManual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5, American Psychiatric Association, 2013) defines personality disorders as a pattern of internal experience and behavior that greatly differs from what is normally expected in the person’s culture. They are also considered omnipresent and inflexible that is stable and causes both distress and impairment. Antisocial personality disorder is a severe disorder of personality. It is a disorder that helps compromise the dramatic, emotional, or erratic disorders,Read MoreUnderstanding Intelligence And Personality Mindset993 Words   |  4 Pagesa basic, unwavering characteristic that has already been pre-determined. I do see the capacity one has to learn and apply that information and continue to develop their overall intelligence. My â€Å"growth mindset† applies to both intelligence and personality mindset. Although I will add that in some aspects I do relate to someone who has a â€Å"fixed mindset†. I do feel the need to constantly have confirmation, at times I do find myself worried about not being smart enough or whether or not ill fit in,Read MoreThe Importance of Understanding Individual Personality in Counseling897 Words   |  4 PagesPersonality as Important to Counsel ing Each one of us has a vastly different personality that has been morphed from a combination of our experiences and our cognitive processes. In turn, this personality helps define not only who we are, but how we behave. From a counseling perspective, understanding an individuals personality is crucial because it helps guide the therapeutic process into a more definitive and effective manner, correlating the sessions in tune with the mind of the individualRead MoreExplain Eysencks Approach to Understanding Personality. Is Personalit1734 Words   |  7 PagesBefore examining Eysencks approach to understanding personality, we need to define what personality is. Dictionary definition (1) Personality Ââ€" the sum of all the behavioral and mental characteristics by means of which an individual is recognised as being unique. What is meant by personality? It is the inner quality of a person, the sum of their life experiences, the way the environment affects a persons outlook and a conscious choice. Personality is not better or worse than any other personsRead MoreAssess the Strengths and Weaknesses of the Psychodynamic Approach to Understanding Personality1681 Words   |  7 PagesAssess the Strengths and Weaknesses of the Psychodynamic approach to understanding personality The psychodynamic approach was proposed by Freud. This approach towards personality is based on the notion of underlying forces such as the id, ego and superego which are either present from birth or develop during childhood shape our behaviour and personality as such. Experiences in childhood are proposed to be the basis of human personality, according to Freud and as such Psychodynamic theory proposes thatRead MoreUnderstanding Personality Traits Can Help One Succeed2130 Words   |  9 PagesUnderstanding personality traits can help one succeed, not only in life, but in the workforce as well. To better understand personalities, one should first understand their own personality, and the characteristics that you possess. To do this, I completed a personality self-assessment through Person Education (Person Education, 2008). I was also able to compare these results to a Jungian test that I took previously. Taking this self-assessment allowed me to understand what things I valued, how I

Within On Liberty By John Stuart Mill - 1312 Words

Within On Liberty by John Stuart Mill, the notion of individuality and one s abilities to make choices for himself contradicts the notion of evolution within Edward O. Wilson’s Consilience. Mill’s beliefs derive from social interaction and experience in which the individual can decide for himself what is right versus what is wrong and can act upon what he believes to be the best option. Whereas, Wilson’s views coincide with the idea that individuals generate decisions based off of historically discovered findings and ideas, and how people have evolved based off of others outcomes. Choices people make, in Mill’s view, are based on concepts like perception and judgment, however, Wilson’s outlook established from the evolution of situations, where the person then makes a choice in order to initiate the best-known outcome. Mill concerns his principle of individuality with the idea that each person should be allowed to develop his own ideas and framework s in which he lives, as long as he acts in a civilized manner, contends no harm to others, and is capable of creating such opinions. Mill describes this notion by stating that, â€Å"†¦ the object â€Å"toward which every human being must ceaselessly direct his efforts†¦ is the individuality of power and development†; that for and that from the union of these arise â€Å"individual rigor and manifold diversity† which combine themselves in â€Å"originality†Ã¢â‚¬  (Mill 55). Contradictory to the evolutionary ideals of Wilson, Mill stresses the notionShow MoreRelated`` On Liberty `` By John Stuart Mill1458 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Stuart Mill was an English philosopher and a progressive in British politics during the 17th century. He lived during a time of political transformation in England caused by the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution brought social mobility to the middle and lower class, along with more political participation. Wi th this newfound freedom, the people of England felt their liberties were being diminished because they had the ability to accomplish all the more but in some cases, couldRead MoreJohn Locke And John Stuart Mill s On Liberty Essay1200 Words   |  5 PagesPolitical Philosophers over time have developed their own conceptions of liberty and the relationship of individuals to not only society, but also the state. Political Philosophers such as, Aristotle and Plato have more of an ancient conception of liberty and the role the individual plays in society and to the state. Whereas, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and John Stuart Mill have developed a more modernized conception of liberty and the role of the individual to the state and society. Plato’s work theRead MoreJohn Locke And John Stuart Mill s On Liberty Essay1748 Words   |  7 PagesPolitical philosophers over time have developed their own conceptions of liberty and the relationship of individuals to not only society, but a lso the state. Political philosophers such as, Aristotle and Plato have more of an ancient conception of liberty and the role the individual plays in society and to the state. Whereas, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and John Stuart Mill have developed a more modernized conception of liberty and the role of the individual to the state and society. Plato’s work theRead MoreAnalysis Of The Text On Liberty By John Stuart Mill1642 Words   |  7 PagesAccording the text ‘On Liberty’ by John Stuart Mill, his position with respect to free speech is that even one person had a specific opinion, mankind is not given grounds to silence him. Mill’s argument regarding free speech is valid because he protects the liberty of the individual over the popular opinion of society. I agree with Mill’s point of view because I also believe that everyone should have the voice to express what they wish, excluding when it causes harm to others. Mill begins the text byRead MoreAccording to Mills, government should not be attempting to control individual freedoms, but should1100 Words   |  5 Pages According to Mills, government should not be attempting to control individual freedoms, but should be helping individuals develop in society. A society is only as great as the people who are in it. How a person develops should be up to them, but a government should support that development. Ensuring a free flow of factual information and opportunities for open discussion are ways a government can help. Again, he uses history as his support. He says that the history of mankind is a history of intellectualRead MoreGovernment And Societal Ideas From The 19th Century1232 Words   |  5 Pagesprominent thinkers John Stuart Mill, Giuseppe Mazzini, and Karl Marx had their own ideas of an ideal society. These individuals had their own unique view of the perfect society. However, they all have something in common with their visions: all of these excerpts discussed an oppressive entity. In all of the three ideal societies concocted by these men, tyrannical governments or oppressive societies are obstacles to their visions. In the excerpt from John Stuart Mill’s On Liberty, he discusses theRead MoreThe Protest Of The United States1576 Words   |  7 Pagesthat they are never ignored (Mather). The main point of the Two Treaties of Government was to illustrate John Locke’s idea that all men were created equal and naturally free. He went against the ideals of Robert Filmer who believed that humans were born to be subjugated by the monarchs of their time. Like the civil rights activist who influenced the BLM movement, Ella Baker believed, John Locke agreed that people, or â€Å"Nature† had a way of governing all of mankind. There was no need for subordinationRead MoreOn Liberty1318 Words   |  6 PagesOn John Stuart Mill’s production On Liberty has not only became one of the most widely known political and philosophical writing, but also produces one of the fundamental political questions on finding the balance in between liberty, democracy and authority. Although Mill’s writing was deeply influenced by Bentham’s Utilitarianism philosophy, Mill’s theory in On Liberty emphasized more around the value of individuality, equality and l iberty (Donner, 1991; Skorupski, 1998). All three elements focusedRead MoreThe Philosophical Conflict between Freedom and Authority1286 Words   |  5 Pageson notions of divine authority or sovereign authority. One of the (still) most widely-accepted approaches is that offered by the renowned 19th Century philosopher John Stuart Mill, in his 1859 classic On Liberty. However, as pointed out by the 20th Century metaphysician Richard Taylor, the contemporary conclusion that Mills On Liberty provides a solution may not necessarily be accurate. The Inherent Philosophical Conflict between Freedom and Authority In principle, the only person who can beRead MoreMoral Theories Of Human Rights1433 Words   |  6 Pageshuman. Freedom, liberty, equality and independence are all important human rights represented in the philosophy of human rights. Key words Understand, Philosophy, Human rights, Reality, Moral theories Introduction The philosophy of human rights was coined by the philosophies of Emmanuel Kant, John Locke, Jean Jacques Rousseau, John Stuart Mill. These authors advocated for human rights in their philosophies. They brought in the aspect of political freedom, inequality and liberty within a society and

Danforth and Donnely Case - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 370 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/09/11 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? In the case of Danforth and Donnely, multiple questions are brought up concerning whether or not certain events count as cash flows. One such argument is whether or not the marketing costs of Blast should be considered as a cash flow. Another cash flow argument concerns the working capital required for Blast. The new product would also use excess production facilities and building space and could conceivably incur cash flows. Erosion from sales of current laundry products is also argued as being a possible cash flow. Finally, the question of debt, as funding for the project, is questioned of being a cash flow. The question of cash-flow-or-not for each of these dilemmas can be answered by looking at some of the the principles of corporate Finance. The marketing cost was an expense. However, the project has not yet been implemented So, at this point in time, it is a sunk cost. Therefore, it is irrelevant to the projects continuation and should not be considered a cash flow. A net investment of $200,000 is required as additional working capital. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Danforth and Donnely Case" essay for you Create order This money would be considered a part of the initial outlay, which is money used to start up the project. Even though the money wouldnt leave the company, it would be a cash flow. It would happen during the life of the project and the project could not happen without it. The product should not be charged with the usage of production facilities and building. The overhead costs of these things would happen regardless of the products existence. Therefore, it should not be considered as a cash flow. Sales stolen from existing products do not count as cash flows. The money diverted from the old products is not new money. Money diverted from competitors products would be considered a cash inflow, but this is not the case. A chance of a competitor introducing a similar product still would not have any effect. Interest payments from funds used to finance the product would not be considered cash flows. The cost of financed money should not be accounted for because future cash flows get discounted to present value. Tis is all the recognition needed. Deducting interest payments would be accounting for the same expense twice.

A Comparison of Hemingway and Frederic in A Farewell to Arms

Parallels Between Hemingway and Frederic in A Farewell to Arms All fiction is autobiographical, no matter how obscure from the authors experience it may be, marks of their life can be detected in any of their tales(Bell, 17). A Farewell to Arms by Ernest Hemingway is based largely on Hemingways own personal experiences. The main character of the novel, Frederic Henry, experiences many of the same situations that Hemingway lived. Some of these similarities are exact, while some are less similar, and some events have a completely different outcome. Ernest Hemingway was born on July 21, 1899, in Oak Park, Illinois. Hemingway worked as a reporter for the Kansas City Star after graduating from high†¦show more content†¦The novel starts in the northern mountains of Italy at the beginning of World War I. Rinaldi, Frederics roommate, takes him to visit a nurse he has taken a liking to. Catherine Barkley, the nurse Rinaldi speaks of, is instantly attracted to Frederic and he is to her. Frederic courts her for a brief time before he goes to the front. At the front, Frederic is wounded in the legs and taken to an aid station and then to an army hospital. He is then transferred to an American hospital in Milan where he meets up with Catherine again. Their love flourishes. They spend their nights together in Frederics hospital bed and their days going to restaurants, horse races and taking carriage rides. Frederic returns to the war after his recovery. The war is going badly in Italy. The German troops forced a full-scale retreat. Soon after Frederics return, he deserts the war in a daring escape. Frederic leaves and meets a pregnant Catherine in Stresa. The two go over to Switzerland where they spend an idyllic time waiting for the birth of their baby. Catherine has a long and difficult labor. Their baby is delivered dead. Catherine dies soon after from one hemorrhage after another. After Catherine dies, Frederic leaves and walks back to his hotel. A Farewell to Arms is a story ofShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Idiot And The Idiot By Ernest Hemingway958 Words   |  4 PagesFyodor Dostoevsky’s The Idiot and Ernest Hemingway s A Farewell To Arms feature differing schools of thought in the ever-evolving world of literature; A Farewell To Arms depicting impressionistic realism through Hemingway s objective retelling of events in the First World War, and The Idiot conveying psychological realism In Dostoevsky’s projection of not only his epileptic behavior, but his idyllic sense of man (Neilson Kashdan). Despite these differences in writing styles, each author featuresRead MoreA Farewell Of Arms, By Ernest Hemingway17 39 Words   |  7 PagesMajor events throughout history have resulted from human desire for fulfillment by instituting war, preaching religion, and glorifying love. In A Farewell to Arms, Ernest Hemingway introduces Frederic Henry, an American in the Italian Army during World War I. Frederic Henry’s attempts to find his meaning in life, are represented by his attempts to discover the possibilities in war, religion, and love. He does this through his friendship with a Catholic priest, his intense love affair with nurseRead MoreSymbolism In Ernest Hemingways A Farewell To Arms973 Words   |  4 PagesHemingway’s novel, A Farewell to Arms, follows the life of the Italian-Speaking, American Frederic Henry as he joins the war on behalf of the Italians, is injured by a bombshell, and flees after his recovery. In his most popular novel, A Farewell to Arms, Hemingway utilizes the motif of whorehouses, sporadic syntax during Henry’s rampant drunkenness, and understate ment when Henry encounters death to illustrate how war morally decays the ordinary man. Throughout A Farewell to Arms, Hemingway exemplifies theRead MoreErnest Hemingway : For Whom The Bell Tolls1101 Words   |  5 Pages 12/2/16 Ernest Hemingway: For Whom The Bell Tolls and A Farewell to Arms Comparison Literary Criticism Paper Ernest Hemingway produced dozens of novels and short stories between the 1920s and 1950s, many of his writings have become American literature classics. Hemingway’s literature and writing style were greatly influenced by current events occuring during his lifetime such as major wars. During his lifetime World War I and the Spanish Civil War took place, Hemingway was closely involvedRead More Comparison of A Farewell to Arms and The Great Gatsby Essay1267 Words   |  6 PagesComparison of A Farewell to Arms and The Great Gatsby The author’s style from Ernest Hemigway’s A Farewell to Arms differ from F.Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby in many ways. Fitzgerald uses a more reflective style of writing meaning that he makes his characters reflect and the theme also includes reflection from the reader as well as the plot. On the other hand, Hemingway uses a more self-interest style with its theme, characters, and plot, meaning that he makes this book on hisRead MoreErnest Hemingway, a Legacy for American Literature1550 Words   |  7 PagesErnest Hemingway, A legacy for American Literature Some say that Hemingways personal life should disqualify him from the literature canon. They state that his torrent affairs, his alcoholism, and his mental state should preclude him from entry into the canon. These are the very things that help to make Hemingway a unique writer. Although his genre is fiction, he relies on his real life experiences with the people and places that he visited. The very definition of the literary canon disputes theseRead MoreEssay about The Irrelevant God in Ernest Hemingways A Farewell to Arms2818 Words   |  12 PagesIrrelevant God in A Farewell to Arms      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A Farewell to Arms begins with a gods-eye-view, cinematic pan of the hills surrounding Gorizia-the camera of our minds eye, racing forward through time, sweeps up and down the landscape, catching isolated events of the first year in the town as it goes. The film ultimately slows to a crawl, passing through the window of a whorehouse to meet the eyes of Frederic Henry watching the snow falling. As we attach ourselves to Frederic Henrys perspectiveRead MoreLiterary Analysis : A Farewell To Arms1112 Words   |  5 Pagesthe following: fleeting, violent, full of loss, despair, and unavoidable change. In Ernest Hemingways novel A Farewell to Arms, Hemingway follows the story of Lieutenant Frederic Henry, an ambulance driver in the Italian army during WWI. Through Lt. Henry’s journey, Hemingway sends the message that people are powerless to change the events happening around and to them. One way Hemingway demonstrates this idea is showing the purposelessness of our actions and how little they mean. Henry narratesRead More Biography of Ernest Hemingway Essay3737 Words   |  15 PagesBiography of Ernest Hemingway Certainly there is no hunting like the hunting of man and those who have hunted armed men long enough and liked it, never really care for anything else thereafter. You will meet them doing various things with resolve, but their interest rarely holds because after the other thing ordinary life is as flat as the taste of wine when the taste buds have been burned off your tongue. (On the Blue Water in Esquire, April 1936) A legendary novelist, short-storyRead MoreErnest Hemingway Essay6491 Words   |  26 Pages Table Of Contents: I. Intoduction II. Childhood III. A Writing Career Begins IV. Novels for the Ages V. Other Recognizable Works VI. Conclusion VII. Bibliography I. Introduction Across more than half a century, the life and work of Ernest Hemingway have been at the center of controversy and intrigue. From the moment he embarked on his career as a writer, he presented himself to the world as a man’s man, a sportsman, a street-wise reporter, a heroic, battle-scared soldier, and an aficionado of

Lamb The Gospel According to Biff, Christ’s Childhood Pal Chapter 7 Free Essays

Chapter 7 And the angel said, â€Å"What prophet has this written? For in this book is foretold all the events which shall come to pass in the next week in the land of Days of Our Lives and All My Children.† And I said to the angel, â€Å"You fabulously feebleminded bundle of feathers, there’s no prophet involved. They know what is going to happen because they write it all down in advance for the actors to perform. We will write a custom essay sample on Lamb: The Gospel According to Biff, Christ’s Childhood Pal Chapter 7 or any similar topic only for you Order Now † â€Å"So it is written, so it shall be done,† said the angel. I crossed the room and sat on the edge of the bed next to Raziel. His gaze never wavered from his Soap Opera Digest. I pushed the magazine down so the angel had to look me in the face. â€Å"Raziel, do you remember the time before mankind, the time when there were only the heavenly host and the Lord?† â€Å"Yes, those were the best of times. Except for the war, of course. But other than that, yes, wonderful times.† â€Å"And you angels were as strong and beautiful as divine imagination, your voices sang praise for the Lord and his glory to the ends of the universe, and yet the Lord saw fit to create us, mankind, weak, twisted, and profane, right?† â€Å"That’s when it all started to go downhill, if you ask me,† Raziel said. â€Å"Well, do you know why the Lord decided to create us?† â€Å"No. Ours is not to question the Will.† â€Å"Because you are all dumbfucks, that’s why. You’re as mindless as the machinery of the stars. Angels are just pretty insects. Days of Our Lives is a show, Raziel, a play. It’s not real, get it?† â€Å"No.† And he didn’t. I’ve learned that there’s a tradition in this time of telling funny stories about the stupidity of people with yellow hair. Guess where that started. I think that we all expected everything to go back to normal after the killer was found, but it seemed that the Romans were much more concerned with the extermination of the Sicarii then they were with a single resurrection. To be fair, I have to say that resurrections weren’t that uncommon in those days. As I mentioned, we Jews were quick to get our dead into the ground, and with speed, there’s bound to be errors. Occasionally some poor soul would fall unconscious during a fever and wake to find himself being wrapped in linen and prepared for the grave. But funerals were a nice way to get the family together, and there was always a fine meal afterward, so no one really complained, except perhaps those people who didn’t wake before they were buried, and if they complained – well, I’m sure God heard them. (It paid to be a light sleeper, in my time.) So, impressed as they might have been with the walking dead, the next day the Romans began to round up suspected conspirators. The men in Maggie’s family were hauled off to Sepphoris at dawn. No miracles would come to bring about the release of the prisoners, but neither were there any crucifixions announced in the days that followed. After two weeks had passed with no word of the fate or condition of the men, Maggie, her mother, her aunts, and her sisters went to the synagogue on the Sabbath and appealed to the Pharisees for help. The next day, the Pharisees from Nazareth, Japhia, and Sepphoris appeared at the Roman garrison to appeal to Justus for the release of the prisoners. I don’t know what they said, or what sort of leverage they could possibly have used to move the Romans, but the following day, just after dawn, the men of Maggie’s family staggered back into our village, beaten, starving, and covered with filth, but very much alive. There was no feast, no celebration for the return of the prisoners – we Jews walked softly for a few months to allow the Romans to settle down. Maggie seemed distant in the weeks that followed, and Josh and I never saw the smile that could make the breath catch in our throats. She seemed to be avoiding us, rushing out of the square whenever we saw her there, or on the Sabbath, staying so close to the women of her family that we couldn’t talk to her. Finally, after a month had passed, with absolutely no regard for custom or common courtesy, Joshua insisted that we skip work and dragged me by the sleeve to Maggie’s house. She was kneeling on the ground outside the door, grinding some barley with a millstone. We could see her mother moving around in the house and hear the sound of her father and older brother Simon (who was called Lazarus) working the forge next door. Maggie seemed to be lost in the rhythm of grinding the grain, so she didn’t see us approach. Joshua put his hand on her shoulder, and without looking up, she smiled. â€Å"You are supposed to be building a house in Sepphoris,† she said. â€Å"We thought it more important to visit a sick friend.† â€Å"And who would that be?† â€Å"Who do you think?† â€Å"I’m not sick. In fact, I’ve been healed by the touch of the Messiah.† â€Å"I think not,† said Joshua. She finally looked up at him and her smile evaporated. â€Å"I can’t be friends with you two anymore,† she said. â€Å"Things have changed.† â€Å"What, because your uncle was a Sicarii?† I said. â€Å"Don’t be silly.† â€Å"No, because my mother made a bargain to get Iban to convince the other Pharisees to go to Sepphoris and plead for the men’s lives.† â€Å"What kind of bargain?† Joshua asked. â€Å"I am betrothed.† She looked at the millstone again and a tear dripped into the powdered grain. We were both stunned. Josh took his hand from her shoulder and stepped back, then looked at me as if there was something I could do. I felt as if I would start crying at any second myself. I managed to choke out, â€Å"Who to?† â€Å"To Jakan,† Maggie said with a sob. â€Å"Iban’s son? The creep? The bully?† Maggie nodded. Joshua covered his mouth and ran a few steps away, then threw up. I was tempted to join him, but instead I crouched in front of Maggie. â€Å"How long before you’re married?† â€Å"I’m to be married a month after the Passover feast. Mother made him wait six months.† â€Å"Six months! Six months! That’s forever, Maggie. Why, Jakan could be killed in a thousand heinous ways in six months, and that’s just the ones I can think of right now. Why, someone could turn him in to the Romans for being a rebel. I’m not saying who, but someone might. It could happen.† â€Å"I’m sorry, Biff.† â€Å"Don’t be sorry for me, why would you be sorry for me?† â€Å"I know how you feel, so I’m sorry.† I was thrown for a second. I glanced at Joshua to see if he could give me a clue, but he was still absorbed in splattering his breakfast in the dirt. â€Å"But it’s Joshua who you love?† I finally said. â€Å"Does that make you feel any better?† â€Å"Well, no.† â€Å"Then I’m sorry.† She made as if to reach out to touch my cheek, but her mother called her before she made contact. â€Å"Right now, Mary, in this house!† Maggie nodded toward the barfing Messiah. â€Å"Take care of him.† â€Å"He’ll be fine.† â€Å"And take care of yourself.† â€Å"I’ll be fine too, Maggie. Don’t forget I have an emergency backup wife. Besides, it’s six months. A lot can happen in six months. It’s not like we won’t see you.† I was trying to sound more hopeful than I felt. â€Å"Take Joshua home,† she said. Then she quickly kissed me on the cheek and ran into the house. Joshua was completely against the idea of murdering Jakan, or even praying for harm to come to him. If anything, Joshua seemed more kindly disposed toward Jakan than he had been before, going as far as to seek him out and congratulate him on his betrothal to Maggie, an act that left me feeling angry and betrayed. I confronted Joshua in the olive grove, where he had gone to pray among the twisted tree trunks. â€Å"You coward,† I said, â€Å"you could strike him down if you wanted to.† â€Å"As could you,† he replied. â€Å"Yeah, but you can call the wrath of God down upon him. I’d have to sneak up behind him and brain him with a rock. There’s a difference.† â€Å"And you would have me kill Jakan for what, your bad luck?† â€Å"Works for me.† â€Å"Is it so hard for you to give up what you never had?† â€Å"I had hope, Josh. You understand hope, don’t you?† Sometimes he could be mightily dense, or so I thought. I didn’t realize how much he was hurting inside, or how much he wanted to do something. â€Å"I think I understand hope, I’m just not sure that I am allowed to have any.† â€Å"Oh, don’t start with that ‘Everyone gets something but me’ speech. You’ve got plenty.† Josh wheeled on me, his eyes like fire, â€Å"Like what? What do I have?† â€Å"Uh†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I wanted to say something about a really sexy mother, but that didn’t seem like the sort of thing he wanted to hear. â€Å"Uh, you have God.† â€Å"So do you. So does everyone.† â€Å"Really?† â€Å"Yes.† â€Å"Not the Romans.† â€Å"There are Roman Jews.† â€Å"Well, you’ve got, uh – that healing-raising-the-dead thing.† â€Å"Oh yeah, and that’s working really well.† â€Å"Well, you’re the Messiah, what’s that? That’s something. If you told people you were the Messiah they’d have to do what you say.† â€Å"I can’t tell them.† â€Å"Why not?† â€Å"I don’t know how to be the Messiah.† â€Å"Well, at least do something about Maggie.† â€Å"He can’t,† came a voice from behind a tree. A golden glow emanated from either side of the trunk. â€Å"Who’s there?† Joshua called. The angel Raziel stepped out from behind the tree. â€Å"Angel of the Lord,† I said under my breath to Josh. â€Å"I know,† he said, in a â€Å"you seen one, you seen ’em all† way. â€Å"He can’t do anything,† the angel repeated. â€Å"Why not?† I asked. â€Å"Because he may not know any woman.† â€Å"I may not?† Joshua said, not sounding at all happy. â€Å"He may not in that he should not, or that he cannot?† I asked. The angel scratched his golden head, â€Å"I didn’t think to ask.† â€Å"It’s kind of important,† I said. â€Å"Well, he can’t do anything about Mary Magdalene, I know that. They told me to come and tell him that. That and that it is time for him to go.† â€Å"Go where?† â€Å"I didn’t think to ask.† I suppose I should have been frightened, but I seemed to have passed right through frightened to exasperated. I stepped up to the angel and poked him in the chest. â€Å"Are you the same angel that came to us before, to announce the coming of the Savior?† â€Å"It was the Lord’s will that I bring that joyful news.† â€Å"I just wondered, in case all of you angels look alike or something. So, after you showed up ten years late, they sent you with another message?† â€Å"I am here to tell the Savior that it is time for him to go.† â€Å"But you don’t know where?† â€Å"No.† â€Å"And this golden stuff around you, this light, what is this?† â€Å"The glory of the Lord.† â€Å"You’re sure it’s not stupidity leaking out of you?† â€Å"Biff, be nice, he is the messenger of the Lord.† â€Å"Well, hell, Josh, he’s no help at all. If we’re going to get angels from heaven they should at least know what they are doing. Blow down walls or something, destroy cities, oh, I don’t know – get the whole message.† â€Å"I’m sorry,† the angel said. â€Å"Would you like me to destroy a city?† â€Å"Go find out where Josh is supposed to go. How ’bout that?† â€Å"I can do that.† â€Å"Then do that.† â€Å"I’ll be right back.† â€Å"We’ll wait.† â€Å"Godspeed,† Joshua said. In an instant the angel moved behind another tree trunk and the golden glow was gone from the olive grove with a warm breeze. â€Å"You were sort of hard on him,† Joshua said. â€Å"Josh, being nice isn’t always going to get the job done.† â€Å"One can try.† â€Å"Was Moses nice to Pharaoh?† Before Joshua could answer me, the warm breeze blew into the olive grove again and the angel stepped out from behind a tree. â€Å"To find your destiny,† he said. â€Å"What?† I said. â€Å"What?† Joshua said. â€Å"You are supposed to go find your destiny.† â€Å"That’s it?† Joshua said. â€Å"Yes.† â€Å"What about the ‘knowing a woman’ thing?† I asked. â€Å"I have to go now.† â€Å"Grab him, Josh. You hold him and I’ll hit him.† But the angel was gone with the breeze. â€Å"My destiny?† Joshua looked at his open, empty palms. â€Å"We should have pounded the answer out of him,† I said. â€Å"I don’t think that would have worked.† â€Å"Oh, back to the nice strategy. Did Moses – â€Å" â€Å"Moses should have said, ‘Let my people go, please.'† â€Å"That would have made the difference?† â€Å"It could have worked. You don’t know.† â€Å"So what do you do about your destiny?† â€Å"I’m going to ask the Holy of Holies when we go to the Temple for the Passover.† And so it came to pass that in the spring all of the Jews from Galilee made the pilgrimage to Jerusalem for the Passover feast, and Joshua began the search for his destiny. The road was lined with families making their way to the holy city. Camels, carts, and donkeys were loaded high with provisions for the trip, and all along the column of pilgrims you could hear the bleating of the lambs that would be sacrificed for the feast. The road was dry that year, and a red-brown cloud of dust wound its way over the road as far as one could see in either direction. Since we were each the eldest in our families, it fell on Joshua and me to keep track of all our younger brothers and sisters. It seemed that the easiest way to accomplish this was to tie them together, so we strung together, by height, my two brothers and Josh’s three brothers and two sisters. I tied the rope loosely around their necks so it would only choke them if they got out of line. â€Å"I can untie this,† said James. â€Å"Me too,† said my brother Shem. â€Å"But you won’t. This is the part of the Passover where you reenact Moses leading you out of the Promised Land, you have to stay with the little ones.† â€Å"You’re not Moses,† said Shem. â€Å"No – no, I’m not Moses. Smart of you to notice.† I tied the end of the rope to a nearby wagon that was loaded high with jars of wine. â€Å"This wagon is Moses,† I said. â€Å"Follow it.† â€Å"That wagon isn’t – â€Å" â€Å"It’s symbolic, shut the hell up and follow Moses.† Thus freed of our responsibilities, Joshua and I went looking for Maggie and her family. We knew that Maggie and her clan had left after us, so we fought backward through the pilgrims, braving donkey bites and camel spit until we spotted her royal blue shawl on the hill behind us, perhaps a half-mile back. We had resolved to just sit by the side of the road to wait until she reached us, rather than battle the crowd, when suddenly the column of pilgrims started to leave the road altogether, moving to the sides in a great wave. When we saw the red crest of a centurion’s helmet come over the top of the hill we understood. Our people were making way for the Roman army. (There would be nearly a million Jews in Jerusalem for Passover – a million Jews celebrating their liberation from oppression, a very dangerous mix from the Roman point of view. The Roman governor would come from Caesarea with his full legion of six thousand men, and each of the other barracks in Judea, Samar ia, and Galilee would send a century or two of soldiers to the holy city.) We used the opportunity to dash back to Maggie, arriving there at the same time as the Roman army. The centurion that led the cavalry kicked at me as he passed, his hobnail boot missing my head by a hair’s breadth. I suppose I should be glad he wasn’t a standard-bearer or I might have been conked with a Roman eagle. â€Å"How long do I have to wait before you drive them from the land and restore the kingdom to our people, Joshua?† Maggie stood there with her hands on her hips, trying to look stern, but her blue eyes betrayed that she was about to burst into laughter. â€Å"Uh, shalom to you too, Maggie,† Joshua said. â€Å"How about you, Biff, have you learned to be an idiot yet, or are you behind in your studies?† Those laughing eyes, even as the Romans passed by only an arm’s length away. God, I miss her. â€Å"I’m learning,† I said. Maggie put down the jar she’d been carrying and threw her arms out to embrace us. It had been months since we’d seen her other than passing in the square. She smelled of lemons and cinnamon that day. We walked with Maggie and her family for a couple of hours, talking and joking and avoiding the subject that we were all thinking about until Maggie finally said, â€Å"Are you two coming to my wedding?† Joshua and I looked at each other as if our tongues had suddenly been struck from our mouths. I saw that Josh was having no luck finding words, and Maggie seemed to be getting angry. â€Å"Well?† â€Å"Uh, Maggie, it’s not that we’re not overjoyed with your good fortune, but†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She took the opportunity to backhand me across the mouth. The jar she carried on her head didn’t even waver. Amazing grace that girl had. â€Å"Ouch.† â€Å"Good fortune? Are you mad? My husband’s a toad. I’m sick at the thought of him. I was just hoping you two would come to help me through the ceremony.† â€Å"I think my lip is bleeding.† Joshua looked at me and his eyes went wide. â€Å"Uh-oh.† He cocked his head, as if listening to the wind. â€Å"What, uh-oh?† Then I heard the commotion coming from ahead. There was a crowd gathered at a small bridge – a lot of shouting and waving. Since the Romans had long since passed, I assumed someone had fallen in the river. â€Å"Uh-oh,† Josh said again, and he began running toward the bridge. â€Å"Sorry.† I shrugged at Maggie, then followed Josh. At the river’s edge (no more than a creek, really) we saw a boy about our age, with wild hair and wilder eyes, standing waist-deep in the water. He was holding something under the water and shouting at the top of his lungs. â€Å"You must repent and atone, atone and repent! Your sins have made you unclean. I cleanse you of the evil that you carry like your wallet.† â€Å"That’s my cousin, John,† Joshua said. Trailing out of the water on either side of John stood our brothers and sisters, still tied together, but the missing link in the string of siblings was my brother Shem, who had been replaced by a lot of thrashing and bubbling muddy water in front of John. Onlookers were cheering on the Baptist, who was having a little trouble keeping Shem under water. â€Å"I think he’s drowning Shem.† â€Å"Baptizing,† Joshua said. â€Å"My mother will be happy that Shem’s sins have been cleansed, but I have to think we’re going to be in a lot of trouble if he drowns in the process.† â€Å"Good point,† Josh said. He stepped into the water. â€Å"John! Stop that!† John looked at him and seemed a little perplexed. â€Å"Cousin Joshua?† â€Å"Yes. John, let him up.† â€Å"He has sinned,† John said, as if that said it all. â€Å"I’ll take care of his sins.† â€Å"You think you’re the one, don’t you? Well, you’re not. My birth was announced by an angel as well. It was prophesied that I would lead. You’re not the one.† â€Å"We should talk about this in another place. Let him up, John. He’s cleansed.† John let my brother pop out of the water and I ran down and dragged him and all the other kids out of the river. â€Å"Wait, the others haven’t been cleansed. They are filthy with sin.† Joshua stepped between his brother James, who would have been the next one dunked, and the Baptist. â€Å"You won’t tell Mother about this, will you?† Halfway between terrified and furious, James was tearing at the knots, trying to untie the rope from around his neck. He clearly wanted revenge on his big brother, but at the same time he didn’t want to give up his brother’s protection from John. â€Å"If we let John baptize you long enough, you won’t be able to tell your mother, will you, James?† Me, just trying to help out. â€Å"I won’t tell,† James said. He looked back at John, who was still staring as if he’d dash out and grab someone to cleanse any second. â€Å"He’s our cousin?† â€Å"Yes,† Joshua said. â€Å"The son of our mother’s cousin Elizabeth.† â€Å"When did you meet him before?† â€Å"I haven’t.† â€Å"Then how did you know him.† â€Å"I just did.† â€Å"He’s a loony,† said James. â€Å"You’re both loonies.† â€Å"Yes, a family trait. Maybe when you get older you can be a loony too. You won’t tell Mother.† â€Å"No.† â€Å"Good,† Joshua said. â€Å"You and Biff get the kids moving, will you?† I nodded, shooting a glance back to John. â€Å"James is right, Josh. He is a loony.† â€Å"I heard that, sinner!† John shouted. â€Å"Perhaps you need to be cleansed.† John and his parents shared supper with us that evening. I was surprised that John’s parents were older than Joseph – older than my grandparents even. Joshua told me that John’s birth had been a miracle, announced by the angel. Elizabeth, John’s mother, talked about it all through supper, as if it had happened yesterday instead of thirteen years ago. When the old woman paused to take a breath, Joshua’s mother started in about the divine announcement of her own son’s birth. Occasionally my mother, feeling the need to exhibit some maternal pride that she didn’t really feel, would chime in as well. â€Å"You know, Biff wasn’t announced by an angel, but locusts ate our garden and Alphaeus had gas for a month around the time he would have been conceived. I think it might have been a sign. That certainly didn’t happen with my other boys.† Ah, Mother. Did I mention that she was besought with a demon? After supper, Joshua and I built our own fire, away from the others, hoping that Maggie would seek us out, but it turned out that only John joined us. â€Å"You are not the anointed one,† John said to Joshua. â€Å"Gabriel came to my father. Your angel didn’t even have a name.† â€Å"We shouldn’t be talking about these things,† Joshua said. â€Å"The angel told my father that his son would prepare the way for the Lord. That’s me.† â€Å"Fine, I want nothing more than for you to be the Messiah, John.† â€Å"Really?† John asked. â€Å"But your mother seems so, so†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Josh can raise the dead,† I said. John shifted his insane gaze to me, and I scooted away from him in case he tried to hit me. â€Å"He cannot,† John said. â€Å"Yep, I’ve seen it twice.† â€Å"Don’t, Biff,† Josh said. â€Å"You’re lying. Bearing false witness is a sin,† John said. The Baptist started to look more panicked than angry. â€Å"I’m not very good at it,† Joshua said. John’s eyes went wide, now with amazement instead of madness. â€Å"You have done this? You have raised the dead?† â€Å"And healed the sick,† I said. John grabbed me by the front of my tunic and pulled me close, staring into my eyes as if he was looking into my head. â€Å"You aren’t lying, are you?† He looked at Joshua. â€Å"He’s not lying, is he?† Joshua shook his head. â€Å"I don’t think so.† John released me, let out a long sigh, then sat back in the dirt. The firelight caught tears sparkling in his eyes as he stared at nothing. â€Å"I am so relieved. I didn’t know what I would do. I don’t know how to be the Messiah.† â€Å"Neither do I,† said Joshua. â€Å"Well, I hope you really can raise the dead,† John said, â€Å"because this will kill my mother.† We walked with John for the next three days, through Samaria, into Judea, and finally into the holy city. Fortunately, there weren’t many rivers or streams along the way, so we were able to keep his baptisms to a minimum. His heart was in the right place, he really did want to cleanse our people of their sins, it was just that no one would believe that God would give that responsibility to a thirteen-year-old. To keep John happy, Josh and I let him baptize our little brothers and sisters at every body of water we passed, at least until Josh’s little sister Miriam developed the sniffles and Joshua had to perform an emergency healing on her. â€Å"You really can heal,† John exclaimed. â€Å"Well, the sniffles are easy,† Joshua said. â€Å"A little mucus is nothing against the power of the Lord.† â€Å"Would – would you mind?† John said, lifting up his tunic and showing his bare privates, which were covered with sores and greenish scales. â€Å"Cover, please cover!† I yelled. â€Å"Drop the shirt and step away!† â€Å"That’s disgusting,† Joshua said. â€Å"Am I unclean? I’ve been afraid to ask my father, and I can’t go to a Pharisee, not with my father being a priest. I think it’s from standing in the water all of the time. Can you heal me?† (I have to say here that I believe that this was the first time Joshua’s little sister Miriam ever saw a man’s privates. She was only six at the time, but the experience so frightened her that she never married. The last time anyone heard from her, she had cut her hair short, put on men’s clothes, and moved to the Greek island of Lesbos. But that was later.) â€Å"Have at it, Josh,† I said. â€Å"Lay your hands upon the affliction and heal it.† Joshua shot me a dirty look, then looked back to his cousin John, with nothing but compassion in his eyes. â€Å"My mother has some salve you can put on it,† he said. â€Å"Let’s see if that works first.† â€Å"I’ve tried salve,† John said. â€Å"I was afraid you had,† said Joshua. â€Å"Have you tried rubbing it with olive oil?† I asked. â€Å"It probably won’t cure you, but it might take your mind off of it.† â€Å"Biff, please. John is afflicted.† â€Å"Sorry.† Joshua said, â€Å"Come here, John.† â€Å"Oh, jeez, Joshua,† I said. â€Å"You’re not going to touch it, are you? He’s unclean. Let him live with the lepers.† Joshua put his hands on John’s head and the Baptist’s eyes rolled back in his head. I thought he would fall, and he did waver, but remained standing. â€Å"Father, you have sent this one to prepare the way. Let him go forth with his body as clean as his spirit.† Joshua released his cousin and stepped back. John opened his eyes and smiled. â€Å"I am healed!† he yelled. â€Å"I am healed.† John began to raise his shirt and I caught his arm. â€Å"We’ll take your word for it.† The Baptist fell to his knees, then prostrated himself before Joshua, shoving his face against Josh’s feet. â€Å"You are truly the Messiah. I’m sorry I ever doubted you. I shall declare your holiness throughout the land.† â€Å"Uh, maybe someday, but not now,† Joshua said. John looked up from where he had been grasping Josh’s ankles. â€Å"Not now?† â€Å"We’re trying to keep it a secret,† I said. Josh patted his cousin’s head. â€Å"Yes, it would be best not to tell anyone about the healing, John.† â€Å"But why?† â€Å"We have to find out a couple of things before Joshua starts being the Messiah,† I said. â€Å"Like what?† John seemed as if he would start crying again. â€Å"Well, like where Joshua left his destiny and whether or not he’s allowed to, uh, have an abomination with a woman.† â€Å"It’s not an abomination if it’s with a woman,† Josh added. â€Å"It’s not?† â€Å"Nope. Sheep, goats, pretty much any animal – it’s an abomination. But with a woman, it’s something totally different.† â€Å"What about a woman and a goat, what’s that?† asked John. â€Å"That’s five shekels in Damascus,† I said. â€Å"Six if you want to help.† Joshua punched me in the shoulder. â€Å"Sorry, old joke.† I grinned. â€Å"Couldn’t resist.† John closed his eyes and rubbed his temples, as if he might squeeze some understanding out of his mind if he applied enough pressure. â€Å"So you don’t want anyone to know that you have the power to heal because you don’t know if you can lie with a woman?† â€Å"Well, that and I have no idea how to go about being the Messiah,† Josh said. â€Å"Yeah, and that,† I said. â€Å"You should ask Hillel,† John said. â€Å"My father says he’s the wisest of all of the priests.† â€Å"I’m going to ask the Holy of Holies,† Joshua said. (The Holy of Holies was the Ark of the Covenant – the box containing the tablets handed down from God to Moses. No one I knew had ever seen it, as it was housed in the inner room at the Temple.) â€Å"But it’s forbidden. Only a priest may enter the chamber of the Ark.† â€Å"Yes, that’s going to be a problem,† I said. The city was like a huge cup that had been filled to its brim with pilgrims, then spilled into a seething pool of humanity around it. When we arrived men were already lined up as far as the Damascus gate, waiting with their lambs to get to the Temple. A greasy black smoke was on the wind, coming from the Temple, where as many as ten thousand priests would be slaughtering the lambs and burning the blood and fatty parts on the altar. Cooking fires were burning all around the city as women prepared the lambs. A haze hung in the air, the steam and funk of a million people and as many animals. Stale breath and sweat and the smell of piss rose in the heat of the day, mixing with the bleating of lambs, the bellowing of camels, the crying of children, the ululations of women, and the low buzz of too many voices, until the air was thick with sounds and smells and God and history. Here Abraham received the word of God that his people would be the Chosen, here were the Hebrews delivered out of Egypt, here Solomon built the first Temple, here walked the prophets and the kings of the Hebrews, and here resided the Ark of the Covenant. Jerusalem. Here did I, the Christ, and John the Baptist come to find out the will of God and, if we were lucky, spot some really delicious girls. (What, you thought it was all religion and philosophy?) Our families made camp outside the northern wall of the city, below the battlements of Antonia, the fortress Herod had built in tribute to his benefactor, Marc Antony. Two cohorts of Roman soldiers, some twelve hundred strong, watched the Temple courtyard from the fortress walls. The women fed and washed the children while Joshua and I carried lambs with our fathers to the Temple. There was something unsettling about carrying an animal to its death. It wasn’t that I hadn’t seen the sacrifices before, nor even eaten the Passover lamb, but this was the first time I’d actually participated. I could feel the animal’s breathing on my neck as I carried it slung over my shoulders, and amid all the noise and the smells and the movement around the Temple, there was, for a moment, silence, just the breath and heartbeat of the lamb. I guess I fell behind the others, because my father turned and said something to me, but I couldn’t hear the words. We went through the gates and into the outer courtyard of the Temple where merchants sold birds for the sacrifice and moneychangers traded shekels for a hundred different coins from around the world. As we passed through the enormous courtyard, where thousands of men stood with lambs on their shoulders waiting to get into the inner temple, to the altar, to the slaughter, I could see no man’s face. I saw only the faces of the lambs, some calm and oblivious, others with their eyes rolled back, bleating in terror, still others seeming to be stunned. I swung the lamb from my own shoulders and cradled it in my arms like a child as I backed out toward the gate. I know my father and Joseph must have come after me, but I couldn’t see their faces, just emptiness where their eyes should have been, just the eyes of the lambs they carried. I couldn’t breathe, and I couldn’t get out of the Temple fast enough. I didn’t know where I was going, but I wasn’t going inside to the altar. I turned to run, but a hand caught my shirt and pulled me back. I spun around and looked into Joshua’s eyes. â€Å"It’s God’s will,† he said. He laid his hands on my head and I was able to breathe again. â€Å"It’s all right, Biff. God’s will.† He smiled. Joshua had put the lamb he’d been carrying on the ground, but it didn’t run away. I suppose I should have known right then. I didn’t eat any of the lamb for that Passover feast. In fact, I’ve never eaten lamb since that day. How to cite Lamb: The Gospel According to Biff, Christ’s Childhood Pal Chapter 7, Essay examples

Ethical Issues In Social Media And Privacy-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Ethical Issues In Social Media And Privacy? Answer: Introduction In the current Scenario, new media and technologies for social networking are hitting the tip point for rising of the ethical issues in social media. These situations are rising on the basis of the users moral values and the essential responsibility of the social networking sites and its administrations. It is essential to make the analysis regarding to the ethical issue being arise on the social networking sites. It has become a vital role to maintain the privacy and from the user point of view is to maintain the rules and responsibility so as to maintain the internet user personal data (Arasa, 2017). It is to be demonstrated that the trust is to be maintained between the online anonyms and the duty regarding the respect of the behaviour between two human beings. It has become essential to make over the societal, political and informational practices of beings and societies globally in response with the community ethics and its technology. Utilitarianism Theory- It is an idea where actions are performed on the basis of factual or erroneous depending on the effect been made. It is one of the most influential theories in terms of moral for a human being. There are basically 2 types of Utilitarianism i.e. act and rule. Act is considered to be the ethically right if and only they produce at minimum so that the act can be perform on time. Rule Utilitarianism is the theory if the action is performed on correct manner. With the effects of social media, these outlets generally allow a user to post anything that user wants to show publically whether it can be used in a positive or negative manner. Generally a post which is regarding to the political views or any religious beliefs sometimes face a problem of scrutiny and possibly start virtual threats because of the activity conducted against them. And the most common things are todays scenario is the cyber bullying or cyber-attacks that can cause a big effects on social media. In the Utilitarianism t heory, critical or undesirable posts should not be posted under any situations (Blank et al., 2014). Deontology Theory- Deontology also refers to duty based ethical theory which addresses to ones responsibility according to some rules and regulations. Technology has developed a new environment globally. Communicating, indulging and interacting with any social media near or far. It is generally a set of ethical codes which order to do something in a correct form and secondly it is not the action which is to be done but the work with the good intension should be the great value. This theory generally focuses on the good intensions and the outcomes should be appropriate towards an act or action performed (Bryer et al., 2011). Generally if we talk about the social networking sites, Facebook holds a big responsibility on social network globally. It is the way to access for the startup in e-commerce on social network which is used for the people who share their skills and experiences and also helps in posting to the new advertisements and job opportunities. Authenticity is required for all the users to take the advantage for the user accessibility over the net for in a positive manner. There is another way of Absolutism in deontological theory i.e. the action performed in a right or wrong manner irrespective to its intension. If we take a big platform i.e. Facebook, generally there are many users who create their fake profiles with wrong intensions are breaching ones trust. There are many other platforms like LinkedIn which is been created for the professional people, their also forbid activities happen where a person create a fake profile and not providing the accurate information of their skills and experience, it will not only make him feel shameful but also not permit him for qualifying into any job field (Dahl, 2014). Virtue Theory- This theory basically emphasise on the virtues evolved in the context of face to face communication. This theory basically emphasize on the virtues of mind and character. Virtue Ethics in terms of professionalism discuss about the nature and the character of virtues and other related problems. It mainly examines on how the virtues are been applied in real life. It is the continuing idea with a prehistoric root. There are people emerging with the social networking that includes the numerous benefits of increasing the challenge of ethical issues. In this theory it basically argues in the favour of more pervasive and the organized applications based on the normative structure on the principle impact of information technologies or social networking sites (Lipschultz, 2017). It generally identifies the several distinctive features of virtue ethics that basically involves the privacy issues towards the social media and networking sites. Virtue based perception is a much needed for a strong research practices of existing practical studies on the social and appropriate impact in IT. It can be formulated into simple terms that are engaging to the most of the social networking sites. It is an independent to the belief of the systems to accept it and is been incorporated into codes of conduct for social media and privacy issues and its virtues typically enhanced in communicative observes: persistence, righteousness and identification (Lunnay et al., 2015). Contract Theory- This theory typically derives on how the economic performers can do and create the contractual arrangements which are been presentable in the form of the asymmetric information. In this theory the ethical issues being described on the basis of the communication between the private users and the social media. The term social conventions classically describe a expansive class of ethical theories that subjects in detailing the implicit agreements by which people from globally maintain a social order. This indicates that the government holds the responsibility of ordering into social media. It basically describes the starting point for the most human condition absent from any social order (Obar Wildman, 2015). It basically attempt to explain in different ways that includes self-interest that is clearly acceptable to participate into both the implicit and the explicit manner. To access over the social networking sites and involving the user to accept terms and policies sometimes they are been restricted from the freedom of action and explicit sets of constructs (Rauniar et al., 2014). Conclusion The Ethical issues in Social Media and privacy issues have become an essential element and support for the todays scenario in the modernism and lifestyles. Even it is rapidly increasing the growth of social media sites and is respectively amazing for the users. It is essential to maintain the balance between the advancement and control towards the ethical society. A proper plan is need to update and have the control towards the latest information technology in order to successfully implement and practice the ethical issues being faced within the communities (Sun et al., 2015). It is been suggested that the social media ethics should be properly written under the guidance and keeping in mind the benefits of it so that the awareness should create within the societies. The users who generally keep on accessing towards the social networking sites should promote and follow the ethics towards media and should exercise to be affiliated to earn the benefits or services to attract the people towards it. While implementing and creating the awareness in the society a code of honesty requires a person to be true while representing oneself skills, education and its experience for offering of goods and services to the people. For this social network and privacy issues need amenableness and the honesty ensures that a person is genuine and working with the good intensions while registering into any such social broadcasting which ought to be done in an authentic way (Zavattaro et al., 2014) References Arasa, D. (2017). Freedom and responsibility in the use of Internet: a handbook for democratic societiesConfronting the Internet? dark side: moral and social responsibility on the free highway Blank, G., Bolsover, G., Dubois, E. (2014). A new privacy paradox: Young people and privacy on social network sites. Bryer, T. A., Zavattaro, S. M. (2011). Social media and public administration: Theoretical dimensions and introduction to the symposium.Administrative Theory Praxis,33(3), 325-340. Dahl, S. (2014).Social media marketing: Theories and applications. Sage. Lipschultz, J. H. (2017).Social media communication: Concepts, practices, data, law and ethics. Taylor Francis. Lunnay, B., Borlagdan, J., McNaughton, D., Ward, P. (2015). Ethical use of social media to facilitate qualitative research.Qualitative health research,25(1), 99-109. Obar, J. A., Wildman, S. S. (2015). Social media definition and the governance challenge: An introduction to the special issue. Rauniar, R., Rawski, G., Yang, J., Johnson, B. (2014). Technology acceptance model (TAM) and social media usage: an empirical study on Facebook.Journal of Enterprise Information Management,27(1), 6-30. Sun, Y., Wang, N., Shen, X. L., Zhang, J. X. (2015). Location information disclosure in location-based social network services: Privacy calculus, benefit structure, and gender differences.Computers in Human Behavior,52, 278-292. Zavattaro, S. M., Sementelli, A. J. (2014). A critical examination of social media adoption in government: Introducing omnipresence.Government Information Quarterly,31(2), 257-264.

Case Study of BHP Click Now to Get Free Solution

Question: Case study of BHP. Answer: Introduction BHP Billiton is an Anglo-Australian multinational company that is involved in mining petroleum and mining. The organization is headquartered in Perth, Australia and is considered Australias fourth largest company (Bhpbilliton.com, 2016). BHP faced reduction in oil prices by 40 per cent in the year 2015 (Stevens, 2015). Additionally, copper, thermal, coking coal and iron ore fell by 12%, 8%, 10% and 24% respectively (Stevens, 2015). These figures indicate that the year 2016 will prove the toughest for the organization (Stevens, 2015). There will be a drive to increase productivity and protect profit margins through effective management. In 2011, BHP caused offshore oil spill at Gulf of Mexico leading to massive environmental damage and causing harm to the marine species directly (Murphy, 2011). There was a disaster in Brazil caused by a deadly mudslide due to failure of a tailings dam at the Samarco iron ore mine (Saunders, Thomson, Stevens, 2015). The company had not faced such similar event in the last 100 years and the size of disaster was huge (Yeomans, 2016). According to the reports, the disaster caused nine deaths and 19 people were missing and 640 people lost their homes (Saunders, Thomson, Stevens, 2015). It also led to massive environmental damage and the clean-up and compensation was estimated at $US1 billion (Yeomans, 2016). The company is liable for 30bn compensation over Samarco disaster (Yeomans, 2016). This paper addresses strategic issues, strategy options and best strategy option for BHP Billiton. Strategic Issue The previous assignment conducted internal, value chain, and cultural analysis based on which strategic issues were identified. The strategic issue was related to the environmental concern and the global financial crisis. The environmental issue is selected for this paper as it is a trending issue. In the recent years, BHP Billiton has been criticized of accidents that have severely damaged environment. The business structure of BHP Billiton is related to mining and extraction of metals and petroleum that has social, economic and environmental impacts (Mayes, McDonald, Pini, 2014). The business significantly impacts water resources, air quality, wildlife, soil quality, social values and climate change. Environmental impact is a strategic issue as any project undertaken by the company directly impacts the environment. The mining processes cause contamination of soil, loss of biodiversity, erosion, contamination of groundwater through chemicals. Such contamination affects human health and wildlife directly (Floris, Grant, Cutcher, 2013). There is a need to address these environmental impacts through stringent regulations and strategic options. Metallic ore mining causes acid drainage and contaminant leaching. It has potential to dissolve toxic metals such as lead, mercury, copper and surrounding rock (Northey, Haque, Mudd, 2013). These metals are long-term contamination for the aquatic creatures in the water bodies. Mining projects also lead to degradation of soil and sediments. The exposed materials can contribute to chemical pollutants causing short-term and long-term impacts (Lodhia Martin, 2014). The mining and extracting operations also cause air quality damage by transporting particulate matter through wind. The gas emissions due to explosions and mineral processing also cause serious effects on peoples health as well as the environment (Collins et al., 2013). The excavation operations are a major source of volatile organic compounds and carbon monoxide. Due to the release of pollutants, the fauna is also displaced thereby disturbing wildlife. Due to disappearance of land and water species, the food supply shall be reduced (Sonter, Barrett, Soares-Filho, 2014). These issues are identified due to the normal business operations. Additionally, BHP Billiton has been involved in accidents such as bursting of the Fundao tailings dam in November 2015 (Szoke, 2015). There were controversies regarding the disaster as the accident could have been prevented if the company followed more sustainable and responsible practices. The exact cause of the burst dam was now known. However, the state environmental prosecutor declared that it was not an accident (Schoenberger, 2016). The incident was reported as a mistake and negligence in the monitoring. Recommendations were made to renew the license and concerns were highlight about integrity of the tailings dam which was ignored (Szoke, 2015). The environmental issues not only cause environmental damage but also impacts economic costs and social values damage. The environmental damage increases economic costs as BHP Billiton had to pay compensation and cleaning up costs. Due to the financial crisis, the prices of oil and iron ore is significantly reducing that is making it difficult for BHP to maintain profit margin. Although mining projects can create wealth, but is also causes considerable disruption. Strategy Options The strategic issue as identified as environmental concerns need to be addressed. Two strategic options are identified for addressing the environmental concerns raised. The strategic options are evaluated using RACES framework- Resource, Acceptable, Coherent, Effective, and Sustainable. Green Mining or Eco-friendly Mining The mining areas are being degraded and affecting the lives of people due to air pollution, retreating water table and many more. Green mining or eco-friendly mining could help in acting as a sustainable solution for mining and extracting resources. Responsible mining practices can be employed at every stage of mining (Erkayaoglu, Demirel, 2016). Mine site rehabilitation can also help in creating a stable landform so that it can be used productively in the future. The environmental impacts must be systematically measured for mitigation and causing less destruction to the environment. The mining industry requires proper research and development for committing with sustainability and making the place greener. Unnecessary waste must be prevented, and reusable materials must be put to sensible use. Effective solution such as proper waste removal, cleaning excess waste, replanting trees and replenishing native soils can help in rejuvenating the ecosystem. These processes can help in resh aping land and remove hazardous materials (Wilson et al., 2013). The strategy is evaluated using the RACES framework as under: Resource- BHP Billiton has abundant financial resources for employing latest technologies to implement green mining. The latest technologies can be used for sharply reducing the impact of mining activities. BHP Billiton can employ abundant manpower especially for restoring or rehabilitation of the mining areas (Park et al., 2014). Acceptable- The mine rehabilitation is acceptable as it would mitigate the environmental effects of mining. Also, rehabilitation does not cost much due to which it is acceptable. The beneficial land-use is pre-determined and acceptable. The method is acceptable as it would prevent water and air-quality depletion (Burton, Zahedi White, 2012). Coherent- There is a long way to go for minimizing the problems and impacts of mining. All the practices that lead to green mining or decreasing footprint of hazardous chemicals due to mining shall move in a unified direction (Shen, Ren Pan, 2013) Effective- The method shall be effective once the areas affected or processes undergo cost-benefit analysis. The method shall place economic value on environmental sustainability. The air and water-quality can be tested after implementation of the procedure (Kusi-Sarpong et al., 2016) Sustainable- The objective of green mining is to reduce the footprint caused due to acid leading to water bodies or emission of toxic gases on the atmosphere. The waste materials can re-cover valuable minerals through re-mining (Fergusson, 2014). Facility Management Alternatively, BHP Billiton can enhance its facility management. Facilities management can be of significance to the organization as it shall focus on operational as well as strategic activities. Given by the number of accidents causing social, economical and environmental damage, the organization must consider security and maintenance as its primary objective. The facility management must be connected to the strategic plan of the organization. The role of facility manager is to provide the resources and environment in which employees and organizations can be most productive. They must develop a holistic view, and knowledge of how an organization works, and how departments interface and interact (Dixit et al., 2016). The strategy is evaluated using the RACES framework as under: Resource- BHP Billiton can employ sufficient manpower and make them facility manager. Intangible assets such as knowledge, reputation and information are abundant in the organization. The financial position of the organization is strong for which it can employ different facility manager and assistants for different mining sites (Pitt et al., 2014). Acceptable- The strategy of facilities management is acceptable as the shareholders who have lost the faith and trust can regain their confidence. Due to the accidents and negligence by Billiton, the stakeholder reactions was negative and it lost its reputation in the organization. The financial and non-financial outcomes such as probability of consequences and benefit to stakeholders shall help in identifying best scenarios (Gtze, Schumann Mller, 2014). Coherent- Effective implementation of facilities management shall be coherent or consistent as the facility managers shall regularly check the security standards. The mining sites shall be regularly maintained by the facilities manager that shall make the process consistent (William East, Nisbet Liebich, 2012). Effective- The facility management shall deliver responsive and effective services. The strategy shall help in enhancing and demonstrating better value within the organizations business plan. Effective and manageable processes can be established through services and resources audit (Atkin Brooks, 2012). Sustainable- The approach to facilities management is sustainable as facility managers make the best sustainability executives. The facility managers are tasked with high-stakes decision making and they consider all facets of the organization. The facility managers always strive to be improving processes, increasing productivity and saving cost (Wang et al., 2013). Strategic Option The first strategy of Green Mining shall be rejected and Enhancing Facilities Management shall be accepted. The mining organization has a long way to go before it can be considered even remotely green. Sustainable mining looks good on paper, but in reality it is may not be easy to follow the guidelines. Green Mining strategy is further rejected as the basic nature of the organization is to extract metals and minerals. The green mining approaches shall help in reducing ecological footprint, greenhouse gas emissions, reduce chemical use and improve processes. However, it may not be easy to establish as a short-term strategy. Making significant investment in research, development and technology shall be expensive as well as time-consuming. The benefits shall be attained from the strategy may be cheaper after implementation. The organization can go green for achieving better public relations or because it feels right to protect the environment (Atkin Brooks, 2012). But it may prove disa dvantageous for BHP Billiton. For switching to renewable sources of energy at the mining facilities can be inconvenient and expensive initially. The cost reduction by going green may not always offset the initial cost that will be incurred. There may be lacking support in obtaining Leadership in energy and environmental design as not all the stakeholders would agree for it. Different stakeholders have different expectations from BHP Billiton due to which they may not completely be able to switch to greener practices (Atkin Brooks, 2012). The second strategy, coordination with facilities management shall be chosen. Facilities management comprises of managing at two levels: operational and strategic. At the operational level, the facility management department can ensure corporate and cost effective environment (William East, Nisbet Liebich, 2012). At the strategic level, the facility managers can help understanding the potential impact of the services, operations and business risk. The facility managers shall help in controlling and managing safety related issues. Not only the mining sites must ensure safety for the employees, but also the potential impact on the environment must be looked by the facility manager (Barrett Baldry, 2013). As seen previously, BHP Billiton has been involved in accidents in negligence such as oil spill at Gulf of Mexico and bursting of dam in Brazil. Both the accidents have been caused in the recent five years that requires strict control (Szoke, 2015). The injuries, loss of lives and ot her significant damages caused by the organization makes it questionable about the safety and maintenance at the workplace (Barrett Baldry, 2013). The facility manager must ensure that the mining site is operating efficiently by conducting tests and inspection thereby maximizing efficiency of processes and reducing risk of failures. The manpower must be trained in a manner that the responsibilities are run efficiently day-to-day. The sites must be shut down if it is risky in nature. Closure of sites shall help in preventing accidents. The facility manager shall also have a continuity plan in the event of major failure and quick recovery. The facilities management department would be one of the key players should it be necessary to move the business to a recovery site. When it comes to integrating a sustainability program throughout an organization, an executive with only experience in finance or human resources may not be the best choice to take on the role of the Chief Sustainability Officer (CSO). Instead, the best fit may be an executive with broader experience in all facets of the organization, who has successfully built br idges to work with other departments, and who may have a bit of engineering or technical expertise as well. Facility managers often have the unique skill sets to fit that bill, and more and more frequently are being promoted into a high-level sustainability position (Barrett Baldry, 2013). The profession of facility management has grown and matured over the years. A facility manager is a well-rounded and fully educated practitioner in the holistic management of the built environment. No longer has a department-by-department initiative, sustainability required a systems approach to managing a business. Facility management is a system that supports all other systems. The optimal impacts of sustainability are long term and belong in a strategic plan, and the best facility managers are already linking facility management strategy and sustainability tenets to those of the overall entity (Barrett Baldry, 2013). Conclusion Conclusively, the strategic issue was related to the environmental concerns. The business significantly impacts water resources, air quality, wildlife, soil quality, social values and climate change. The environmental issue is selected for this paper as it is a trending issue. The business structure of BHP Billiton is related to mining and extraction of metals and petroleum that has social, economic and environmental impacts. There were controversies regarding the disaster as the accident could have been prevented if the company followed more sustainable and responsible practices. The environmental issues not only cause environmental damage but also impacts economic costs and social values damage. There is a long way to go for minimizing the problems and impacts of mining. The objective of green mining is to reduce the footprint caused due to acid leading to water bodies or emission of toxic gases on the atmosphere. The role of facility manager is to provide the resources and environment in which employees and organizations can be most productive. Due to the accidents and negligence by Billiton, the stakeholder reactions was negative and it lost its reputation in the organization. The facility managers are tasked with high-stakes decision making and they consider all facets of the organization. Sustainable mining looks good on paper, but in reality it is may not be easy to follow the guidelines. References Atkin, B. Brooks, A. (2012).Total facilities management. Chichester, U.K.: Wiley-Blackwell. Barrett, P. Baldry, D. (2013).Facilities management. 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A Long-Term Study of Mine Site Rehabilitation in Australia.Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution,11(4), 1-17. Floris, M., Grant, D., Cutcher, L. (2013). Mining the Discourse: Strategizing During BHP Billiton's Attempted Acquisition of Rio Tinto.Journal of Management Studies,50(7), 1185-1215. Gtze, J., Schumann, C. A., Mller, E. (2014, June). Context awareness and augmented reality in facility management. InEngineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE), 2014 International ICE Conference on(pp. 1-5). IEEE. Kusi-Sarpong, S., Sarkis, J., Wang, X. (2016). Assessing green supply chain practices in the Ghanaian mining industry: A framework and evaluation.International Journal of Production Economics. Lodhia, S., Martin, N. (2014). Corporate sustainability indicators: an Australian mining case study.Journal of Cleaner Production,84, 107-115. Mayes, R., McDonald, P., Pini, B. (2014). 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